It seems to me that in order to have a subculture in society, it merely has to be a group within  a group.   A culture in society is a group of people that have certain patterns of what they call acceptable behaviors.  These people have the same values, goals, ethnicity, social and economic status, age, etc.  What I am saying is that a culture is made up of people who have many values and ideas in common.  A subculture gets its start  from that main group but feels differently about the values, beliefs, issues, and goals.  This new group has some common ground with the original culture, but wants to be different, make changes, and create differences.  It can co-exist with the culture, but it becomes its own distinct entity, a subculture.